Throughout the wire and cable bidding procedures at home and abroad, the characteristics of the bidding documents, the preparation of tender documents and evaluation methods, combined with the in-depth development of China's socialist market economy in recent years and the continuous improvement of the market mechanism, coupled with the impact of e-commerce, vigorously implement the bidding and procurement system, the introduction of competition into the procurement process has been imperative, because only by doing so will really adapt to the requirements of the market economy, broaden the procurement channels, optimize the quality of procurement, an important means and measure to reduce procurement costs, but also to regulate procurement behavior, strengthen procurement supervision, and inhibit the effective means of corruption. To this end, we should seize this opportunity, adjust our market positioning, learn the advanced bidding techniques and principles at home and abroad, and fully consider the factors of product quality, price, delivery time and after-sales service under the principle of openness, fairness and justice.
　　I. Introduction
　　Since the 1980s, the trend of global economic integration has been accelerating, and the global economic integration with the integration of production, financial internationalization and trade liberalization as important contents is changing the world economic operation and organizational structure very deeply and widely. However, due to the world economic crisis in the late 1990s and the economic crisis in Southeast Asia, a shadow was cast over the development of the world economy, and the Western economy represented by the United States was in a difficult situation. However, in recent years, although the world economy has stepped into a low-speed development, it has received better results because all countries in the world have made restoring business and consumer confidence and promoting economic rebound as the main theme of macroeconomic control policies in the world. The ability of countries around the world to resist the blow of economic decline has been improving, and the global inflation rate is relatively low, thus entering the new century, the world economy has actually stopped falling back and started a low growth rate. In this situation, the number of tenders worldwide, including the need for power development of international wire and cable bidding projects still maintain a certain level of development, especially in developing countries, still maintain the momentum of unabated. The author has worked in the wire and cable industry for more than thirty years, including more than ten years in the wire and cable import and export business, in charge of domestic and foreign wire and cable bidding projects, has accumulated considerable knowledge and experience. To this end, this paper will focus on the wire and cable bidding procedures and read the tender points, wire and cable bids and should pay attention to the preparation of important aspects of the issue, wire and cable bidding evaluation methods and related examples of analysis slightly for the benefit of readers.
　　Second, the wire and cable bidding procedures and read the key points of the tender
　　Vigorously implement the tender procurement system, including the international tender procurement system, the introduction of competition into the procurement process, is a worldwide government or enterprise to adapt to the requirements of the market economy, broaden procurement channels, optimize the quality of procurement, save procurement funds, reduce procurement costs of important measures; is also to regulate procurement behavior, strengthen procurement supervision, and inhibit the effective means of waste and corruption. Tender procurement can be divided into two ways: open tender procurement and invitation to tender procurement. Open bidding refers to the procurement method of inviting unspecified suppliers (collectively referred to as bidders) to bid by way of bidding announcement by the procuring party (including government or enterprise procurement department) or its commissioned procurement agency (collectively referred to as the bidders). Invitation to tender procurement refers to the procurement method in which the tenderer invites more than five specific suppliers to tender by way of invitation to tender. From the definition of the above procurement methods, it can be seen that although open bidding can maximize the selection of suppliers, but the supplier's reputation, credibility, technical level and other information need to do in-depth understanding, otherwise it will bring difficulties to the evaluation of bids, so it is more used in government procurement, less used in enterprises. The specific invitation to tender, because of the invited suppliers, there is no open bidding in the problem of information understanding difficulties, so the method is used more in enterprise procurement, can also be commonly known as negotiation, this paper does not elaborate on this method.
　　1、Bidding procurement procedures
　　(1) Bidding: Bidding procurement refers to the act of inviting bids from potential suppliers or contractors by putting forward the conditions for bidding procurement items according to the procurement needs that have been identified by the purchaser. The steps of bidding mainly include: determining the procurement agency and procurement needs, preparing bidding documents, determining the bid price, issuing procurement notice or inviting bids, conducting pre-qualification for bidding, notifying bidders to participate in bidding and selling bids to them, organizing pre-bid meetings, etc. These tasks are mainly organized by the procurement agency.
　　(2) Bidding: Bidding refers to the act of bidders receiving the tender notice, filling in the tender documents according to the requirements of the tender notice, and sending them to the procurement agency. In this stage, the work carried out by the tenderer mainly includes: applying for tender qualification, purchasing bids, inspecting the site, applying for tender guarantee, calculating bids, preparing and submitting bids, etc.
　　(3) Bid opening: Bid opening is the act of formally opening and unveiling the bid documents of the bidders at a pre-defined time and place by the procurement agency. The bid opening is organized by the procurement agency, but representatives of the bidders are invited to attend. At this stage, the procurement officer shall unseal each bid one by one in accordance with the relevant requirements, and after the bid opening is completed, the bid opening organizer shall also prepare a note of the bid opening meeting.
　　(4) Bid evaluation: Bid evaluation is the act of the procurement agency to examine and evaluate all bids according to the requirements of the bidding documents. The evaluation of bids is a separate act of the procuring party and is organized by the procuring agency. In this stage, the procurement agency to carry out the work mainly: review whether the tender is in line with the requirements of the tender documents and the relevant provisions, the organization of personnel to compare and evaluate all the bids in accordance with certain methods, the evaluation stage was selected in a few bids to ask the bidders to clarify a certain problem, the final evaluation and write the evaluation report, etc.
　　(5) Final bid: The final bid, also known as the award of contract, is the act of the procurement agency to decide the successful bidder. The final bid is a separate act of the procurement agency, but is subject to adjudication by the using agency or others together. Among the tasks to be performed by the procuring agency at this stage are: deciding on the successful bidder, notifying the successful bidder that his or her bid has been accepted, issuing a letter of intent to award to the successful bidder, notifying all unsuccessful bidders, and returning the bid bond to them.
　　(6) Award of Contract: The award of the contract is also customarily referred to as the signing of the contract, as it is actually the act of awarding the contract to the successful bidder by the bidder and signed by both parties. In this stage, usually both parties confirm the contents of the tender and sign a formal contract based on the tender. To ensure the performance of the contract, after signing the contract, the successful supplier or contractor should also submit some form of performance guarantee or security deposit to the purchaser or owner.
　　2、Read the key points of the tender
　　Tender (hereinafter referred to as tender) should generally include invitation to tender, instructions to bidders, tender information sheet, general contract terms, special contract terms and information sheet, list of goods requirements, technical specifications, format examples. However, due to different national conditions and differences in business requirements, the composition of the tender also varies greatly. In general, the major bidding projects of the government or large enterprises, the tender is more comprehensive and standardized; on the contrary, the general goods procurement bidding of regional and small enterprises, the tender is simpler and rougher, and some tenders are even patchwork and inconsistent.
　　(1) Invitation to Bid (IFB) Invitation to Bid usually uses simple language to clarify the following points.
　　① The source of funds for the bidding project, or clearly funded by the government and enterprises themselves, or clearly the government and enterprises to the World Bank (WORLDBANK), ADB (ADB), Japan Bank for Overseas Investment (JBIC) loans.
　　② the specific content of the tender project, that is, the name of the procurement of goods or work content, sometimes including the scope of supply, may also include the supply and installation and laying, etc.
　　③ qualified bidders can obtain further information and access to tender documents and the location, time and amount of the purchase of bids. ④Tender time, place and the amount of the accompanying tender deposit, including the place and time of delivery of the tender.
　　⑤ The time and place of bid opening, including the requirements for the delivery of bids. Among the above points, the source of funds for the bidding project is particularly important. Generally, the payment of the loan projects of the World Bank, ADB or the Overseas Investment Bank of Japan is more guaranteed, and it is not easy to produce problems such as accounts receivable and bad debts as long as the contract is fulfilled on time, according to quality and quantity.
　　(2) Instructions to Bidders (ITB) The instructions to bidders include six parts: general provisions, bidding documents, bid preparation, bid submission, bid opening and evaluation, and contract award, of which the bid preparation and bid opening and evaluation parts are particularly important. For this reason, these two parts will be separately developed and discussed in the following, which will help bidders to prepare their tenders and recognize the key points of bid evaluation.
　　①General Provisions
　　The General Provisions mainly set out the sources of project funds, qualified bidders, qualified goods and services and tender costs, of which the sources of project funds have been discussed above and will not be expanded here. Eligible bidders are firstly specified as eligible source country bidders, for which the WB, ADB or the Overseas Investment Bank of Japan (OIB) have a strict range of source countries, i.e. non-member country bidders are not allowed to participate in the bidding. Secondly, qualified bidders must not have any involvement or involvement with the bidding agency, the consulting firm hired by the buyer and its affiliates, otherwise it will affect the fairness of subsequent bid evaluation. Only enterprises owned by the government of the buyer's country that are legally and financially independent and operate independently under commercial law are eligible to bid. Companies that are blacklisted by the WB, ADB, or the Overseas Investment Bank of Japan (OIB), i.e., those that have a history of corruption and fraud, are not allowed to bid. Eligible goods and services are strictly defined by the country of origin and origin (country of origin) of goods and services, with unknown country of origin and non-origin goods and services generally excluded from bidding. The place of origin of goods and services is, of course, distinct from the nationality of the bidder. Bid cost is the cost to be borne by the bidder in preparing the bid and submitting it, including the cost of issuing the bid bond and bank charges. The bid bond will be returned to the issuing bank after the expiration of the bond period regardless of the bid result, therefore, the bid bond will not be at risk.
　　②Bidding documents
　　Bidders commissioned by the agent or their own purchase of bidding documents (tender), if you find that the business or technical parameters of the doubts and questions, you can immediately notify the bidding party in writing at the address stated in the instructions to bidders, the bidding party shall request clarification of the bidding party in writing before the closing date of 30 days to respond to the question, while the written response to notify each bidder has purchased the tender, which is often referred to as pre-bid clarification. Pre-bid clarification is very important, bidders in the careful review of the tender, once found in business or technical doubts and problems, if not timely clarification in writing to the bidders, not only the tender may be seriously inconsistent with the deduction of points; even after winning the bid, will also generate unnecessary disputes and trouble in performance, resulting in economic losses. For example: in 1998, the Indian power grid company won the steel-core aluminum strand project, the plant did not raise any objections in confirming the technical specifications and test methods. However, after winning the bid: the Indian side on the wire winding test method, despite the requirements of the Chinese national standard than the low, but there is no domestic test machine, and eventually took a lot of trouble, and the local method on the lathe to demonstrate the requirements of the Indian standard winding test, the results are satisfactory, the Indian inspection representative agreed to the Chinese GB standard for wire winding test. At the same time at any time before the closing of the tender, for whatever reason the tenderer may amend the tender documents, the written notice of amendment is equally binding as the tender documents. Bidders in order to make bidders have sufficient time to study the revised part of the tender documents, may extend the cut-off date at its discretion.
　　③ Tender submission after the preparation of the tender, must be the number of bids, respectively, the original and copies sealed in a separate envelope, and in the envelope marked "original" and "copies", and then all the envelope encapsulated in an outer envelope. The inner and outer envelopes must indicate the address for delivery, the project name, the title and number of the invitation to tender as specified in the tender. At the same time, it should be stated that the envelope should not be opened before the closing date. The tender must be submitted to the place specified in the tender before the closing date, especially the international tender should be sent to the local agent a little earlier, otherwise, it will be regarded as "late tender" and rejected.
　　Throughout the wire and cable bidding procedures at home and abroad, the characteristics of the bidding documents, the preparation of tender documents and evaluation methods, combined with the in-depth development of China's socialist market economy in recent years and the continuous improvement of the market mechanism, coupled with the impact of e-commerce, vigorously implement the bidding and procurement system, the competitive mechanism into the procurement process has been imperative, because only by doing so will really adapt to the requirements of the market economy, broaden the procurement channels, optimize the quality of procurement, an important means and measure to reduce procurement costs, but also to regulate procurement behavior, strengthen procurement supervision, and inhibit the effective means of corruption. To this end, we should seize this opportunity, adjust our market positioning, learn the advanced bidding techniques and principles at home and abroad, and fully consider factors such as product quality, price, delivery time and after-sales service under the principle of openness, fairness and impartiality.
Third, the preparation of cable bids important links and issues to be noted
　　Tender preparation must be carefully reviewed in the tender and fully digest and understand the content of all the provisions of the tender on the basis of the start. The tender preparation process must respond to the requirements of the provisions of the tender article by article, otherwise it will be regarded as a difference or non-response by the tenderer (deducted points in the evaluation of bids), and in serious cases may be regarded as invalid. The commercial documents of the tender are usually prepared by the import and export company or the import and export department of the factory, the technical documents are prepared by the manufacturer or the relevant technical engineer or provide data, and the qualification documents are prepared by both parties providing information together. As a professional Shanghai wire and cable import and export company, we can often provide a full set of services for the preparation of bids, and the factory only needs to provide the necessary information and data as required.
　　1、Tender
　　The preparation of business documents tender business documents should be composed of tender letter format, tender guarantee letter, tender authorization, tender price list, warranty commitment and live price adjustment rate.
　　(1) Bid Letter Format (BIDFORM)
　　BIDFORM is the soul of the bid, any error in detail will be regarded as invalid, so it should be filled out with great care. In addition to carefully filling in the date, loan number (loan project), bid number, the following points should be emphasized.
　　①Total bid amount
　　② should be based on the completion of the bid price list, double-checked for accuracy, respectively, filled in Arabic numerals and text, there should be no difference between the two, and require the correct writing of the currency name.
　　③ tender validity period should be based on the provisions of the corresponding provisions of the tender, fill in the tender validity period from the date of opening, generally 120 days.
　　④Start of delivery and delivery completion period Some tenders require that if you win the tender, the start of the delivery period and delivery completion period from the award notice, these must be developed with the manufacturer delivery schedule after a slight margin, and pay attention to the actual delivery completion period can only be before the delivery completion period specified in the tender, that is, only in advance, not later.
　　⑤ Name of agent and commission Some countries' RFPs require that the name, address and amount of commission of the local agent should be indicated in the tender letter format, which will be paid by the buyer in local currency once the tender is awarded and performed. Therefore, the commission rate of the agent shown in the general tender letter format should not be too high, 1% is appropriate, because the commission rate of the agent is too high, it will be regarded as a suspicion of corruption in the evaluation of bids. In addition, foreign agents generally do not want to expose their commission percentage on the tender and be paid by the buyer in their own currency.
　　(2) Bid bond (BIDSECURITY)
　　The bid bond is also an important document that is missing in the business documents of the tender. If there is no bid bond in the tender, the bidders will be regarded as bidders without bona fide bids and will be treated as invalid. The bid bond is generally risk-free because it will be returned by the buyer to the issuing bank on time, regardless of whether the bid is awarded or not. Generally, a bid bond is valid for 30 days in addition to the validity of the tender, i.e. 150 days. The bid bond should be issued by the bidder's bank in accordance with the format specified in the tender, either by letter (letter format) or by telecommunication (internal bank fax telegram SWIFT). However, the bank should be required to specify the tenderer as the beneficiary in the message to the foreign transferring bank and deliver it to the relevant department of the tenderer before the tender opening date. The amount of the bid bond is generally 2% of the total bid amount, but in recent years, in order to prevent banks from leaking secrets, the specific amount of the bond is generally stipulated in the tender.
　　(3) Tender price list (PRICESCHEDULE)
　　The tender price list should clearly show the name content, quantity, unit price and total price of goods or services. Some international tenders also stipulate that the tender price list should indicate the FOB (FOB) and CIF (CIF) respectively, and require additional preparation of inland transportation (service) price to the final destination of the tenderer's country. According to the Bank and ADB regulations, if the unit price and the total price does not match, the unit price shall prevail; itemized price and total price differences, the itemized price shall prevail. Wire and cable bid price list should be prepared with due regard to the international market of raw materials, because the price of wire and cable is composed of material heavy light, especially the tender if the tender price is fixed price, the producer should pay attention to do a good job in the preparation of the main raw material hedge.
　　(4) tender authorization (POWEROFATTORNEY)
　　Bid authorization is an important legal document indispensable to the tender, generally authorized by the legal person of the company or unit to participate in the bidding unit or department, stating that the person in charge will participate in and have full authority to handle all bidding activities on behalf of the legal person, including the signature of the tender, pre-bid or post-bid clarification with the tenderer, participation in business and technical negotiations and signing of contracts. The bid authorization letter is concise, but must be structured and logically clear, and should generally be written by legal counsel or refer to the agreed format.
　　(5) warranty commitment (WARRANTY)
　　Warranty commitment in accordance with international practice should be committed to the goods supplied with the latest technology and design, and new raw materials manufactured without defects in the process of the product, the product in full accordance with the technical specifications and test methods specified in the tender for the manufacture and test inspection. The warranty commitment must also confirm that the goods shall be repaired, returned and compensated once the buyer finds any problems within 12 months from the commissioning of the goods or 18 months from the arrival of the goods at the destination (port).
　　(6) Live price adjustment rate table (PRICEVARIATION)
　　If the tender provides that the tender price will be placed in the live price adjustment, the tender business documents must be prepared a live price adjustment rate table, that is, the raw materials in the opening of the tender 30 days before the price is correctly listed one by one, and indicate the source of price information. For example, in the preparation of international bids for wire and cable, the prices of copper and aluminum on the London Metal Exchange (LME) or other major raw materials, including international prices for polyvinyl chloride or polyethylene, must be provided correctly. At the time of contract execution, the buyer will be based on the average international raw material prices for the third month prior to actual shipment, placed under the following live price formula (Indian steel-core aluminum stranded wire marked ZEBRA), and pay for the goods according to this calculation. dEC = ECO [a (A1-A0)/A0 + b (B1-B0)/B0] in this formula: dEC = adjusted dollar price (excluding freight) ECO = CIF lead dollar price (after advance payment, India agency commission and freight) #39;0#39;= raw material price 30 days prior to bid opening date #39;1#39;= daily average raw material price in the third month prior to actual shipment A= aluminum ingot for electrical use (LME) B= premium electrolytic zinc (BULLETIN or LME) a= aluminum ingot factor for electrical use (0.65) b= premium electrolytic Zinc coefficient (0.02) 33% of the CIF price (0.33) is a fixed coefficient (processing fees, etc.) and is not placed in the live price adjustment formula.
　　2、The preparation of the tender qualification documents
　　Tender qualification documents generally include import and export companies and manufacturers (factories) consisting of two parts, if the manufacturer bids on its own, then only its own qualification documents can be provided. Bid qualification documents according to the RFP, in addition to proving that the bidder is a qualified bidder (with minimum qualifications to participate in the tender), must also provide sufficient supporting documents as follows.
　　(1) The profile of the bidder and the manufacturer;
　　(2) Business license of the bidder and manufacturer;
　　(3) Three years of financial statements and audit reports of the bidder and producer, including balance of assets, income statement and capital flow statement (some RFPs specify five years of financial statements);
　　(4) Bank credit reports or certificates of the bidder and manufacturer to confirm the financial ability of the bidder and manufacturer to perform the contract if awarded.
　　(5) the manufacturer's supply experience and user operation certificate, the number of supplies should meet the provisions of the tender. For example: the Indian steel-core aluminum strand (ZEBRA) standard manufacturers must be the proof of supply of similar products more than 1000km, that is, including supply contracts, quality inspection, delivery orders and user operation proof, otherwise the tender and the manufacturer will be regarded as supply experience has objections, the evaluation of the tender will be deducted points or lose the bid qualification.
　　(6) The production equipment, testing facilities and quality control process of the goods supplied by the manufacturer, including the ISO9000 certificate.
　　3、Technical documentation
　　Technical documentation is generally prepared by the relevant engineers of the manufacturer after carefully reviewing the technical specifications and requirements of the RFP, confirming item by item, and responding positively and clearly to the technical data specified in the technical specifications of the RFP. In principle, generally do not fill in the technical differences, otherwise it will be deducted points for technical differences, and significant technical differences will be considered as invalid. In the preparation of technical documents, manufacturers must also pay close attention to the test standards and methods of the goods described in the technical specifications of the tender, because some of the technical specifications of the tender is prepared by the buyer to ask the international authoritative supervision company, its technical requirements and test methods than the general international standards are high, which bidders and manufacturers should take a cautious attitude, any objections or questions should be timely clarification. Technical documentation generally includes the following.
　　(1) technical parameters guarantee book
　　(2) the product structure, wire and cable in addition to the product structure, but also to prepare the packaging plate diagram
　　(3) similar product type test reports, these type test reports must be conducted in independent authoritative experimental institutions. Tender business documents, qualification documents and technical documents must be carefully proofread after the completion of the preparation, especially the business documents in the tender letter format and the price listed in the tender offer table must be consistent and correct. After proofreading, the business documents should be signed and sealed by the authorized person in charge of the tender, and each page of the tender must also be signed in the corner. Bids are generally prepared in English, the relevant certificates and test reports, if Chinese, should be translated and stamped by authoritative translation agencies to show the correctness of the translated documents.
　　Throughout the wire and cable bidding procedures at home and abroad, the characteristics of the bidding documents, the preparation of tender documents and evaluation methods, combined with the in-depth development of China's socialist market economy in recent years and the continuous improvement of the market mechanism, coupled with the impact of e-commerce, vigorously implement the bidding and procurement system, the competitive mechanism into the procurement process has been imperative, because only by doing so will truly adapt to the requirements of the market economy, broaden the procurement channels, optimize the quality of procurement, an important means and measure to reduce procurement costs, but also to regulate procurement behavior, strengthen procurement supervision, and inhibit the effective means of corruption. To this end, seize this opportunity, adjust the market positioning, study the advanced bidding techniques and principles at home and abroad, in open, fair and impartial principles, fully consider product quality, price, delivery time and after-sales service and other factors
　　Fourth, the wire and cable bidding evaluation methods and examples of analysis
　　1, wire and cable bidding evaluation methods
　　Evaluation of bids: the selection of suitable suppliers is essential in domestic and international bidding and procurement. There are many methods of bid evaluation, the following evaluation methods are examples of Sinopec Yanshan Petrochemical Company's procurement of wire and cable bid evaluation.
　　(1) The lowest bid evaluation method
　　The bid evaluation method refers to the bid evaluation method that determines the winning party with the lowest bid under the condition of meeting the substantive requirements and the same content. For example, the cable tender conducted by Yanshan Petrochemical Company in April 2000 at the resource manufacturer. That is, the lowest bidder, such as Tiankang Group, was the winning bidder. The lowest bid evaluation method is easy to operate, has a wide range of applications, and is a common method for evaluating bids. Because of this method in the evaluation of bids, only focus on the consideration of price factors and ignore other factors, the lack of science. Because each manufacturer's production capacity, manufacturer size, production conditions, quality assurance and credibility, delivery time, shipping distance are different, in the tender offer will be different. Therefore, low price should not be the only criterion for winning the bid.
　　(2) Base price evaluation method
　　The base price evaluation method is the tenderer first determine the base price of the subject goods, the evaluation committee based on the base price, the evaluation of the tender price closest to the base price of the unit for the winning bidder evaluation method. For example, the base price of a project is 1 million yuan, the delivery period is the key influencing factor, if Party A delivers one week earlier, the discount is 1%, the evaluation price is 990,000 yuan, Party B delays delivery for one week, the discount is 2% that is 1.02 million yuan, then Party A is the final winning bidder. This method needs to specify the influence of various factors on the bid price in the bidding documents, so it should be considered thoroughly when preparing the bidding documents to avoid disputes in the bidding process.
　　(3) Comprehensive scoring method
　　In addition to the bid price, the tender evaluation should also consider the delivery date, the technical level, performance and delivery capacity of the goods, the quality and adaptability of the goods, the transportation, insurance and other costs of the goods to the destination, etc. The method of comprehensive consideration and scoring of many influencing factors is the comprehensive scoring method. Now, for example, will affect the evaluation of various factors to give points; bidder's basic situation 16 points bid product situation 30 points bid price 40 points preferential conditions 5 points after-sales service 7 points installation qualification level 2 points out of 100 points of which there are certain content of the scoring standards are fixed, such as installation qualification level A for 2 points, level B for 1 point, other content of the scoring standards need to be given by the evaluation committee to determine the offer The following formula can be used to obtain the score. Quotation score = 40 - (bid offer - lowest offer) * K / (highest offer - lowest offer) K value is variable and needs to be determined and announced before the bid opening.
　　(4) Ideal evaluation method
　　The use of ideal evaluation method is a more scientific and effective method to evaluate the winning bidder. The ideal evaluation method, referred to as TOPSIS, is a ranking method close to the simple weighting method. It uses the "ideal solution" and "negative ideal solution" of the target decision problem to rank, the so-called ideal solution is a conceived best solution (program), the value of each attribute of which reaches the best value of the selected program; and the negative ideal solution is another conceived worst solution, the value of each attribute of which reaches the worst value of the selected program. Using the ideal solution to solve multi-objective decision problems is a very effective method, its concept is simple, but in use, but also need to define a measure in the objective space to measure the degree of a solution close to the ideal solution and away from the negative ideal solution. In the face of many suppliers, scientific decisions are complex and important, and many issues need to be considered, such as price, transportation, production capacity, quality, after-sales service, etc. In the past, when considering the procurement channels, mostly by feeling, by experience, lack of scientific basis, the use of the ideal point method can solve the above problems. Using the ideal point method to select suppliers, the key is that the procurement staff must conduct detailed market research, grasp a large amount of information, in addition, and then use the ideal point to accurately calculate, you will be able to achieve scientific, reasonable, reduce arbitrariness, blindness.
　　2. Considerations in the bid evaluation process
　　Another fundamental feature of international competitive bidding is that the contract must be awarded to the bidder with the lowest evaluated price according to the evaluation criteria specified in the bidding documents. This is the decisive link to ensure that the international competitive bidding method is carried out fairly. The following factors need to be taken into account during the evaluation of bids in this method.
　　(1) Purpose of bid evaluation
　　The purpose of bid evaluation is to determine the price of each bid that has been submitted, to compare it on the basis of the evaluated price, to select the lowest evaluated price, and the bid should be won by the bidder with the lowest evaluated price.
　　(2) Evaluation of bids based on
　　The basis of bid evaluation is the bidding documents, and the evaluation of bids must conform to the requirements of the bidding documents, especially the criteria, guidelines, and factors for bid evaluation shall be based on the provisions of the bidding documents, and no criteria, guidelines, or factors other than those specified in the bidding documents shall be used for bid evaluation.
　　(3) Preliminary evaluation of bids
　　The preliminary evaluation is mainly to verify such contents as: whether the tender documents include all the required documents (including the tender guarantee); whether the tender documents have made a fundamental response (fundamental response means that the provisions of all conditions of the tender documents are met without significant deviations and discrepancies. And significant deviations and discrepancies are violations of the provisions of the tender documents, fundamentally affect the quantity, quality or delivery of contract goods provided by the bidder, or a fundamental breach of the bidders due authority or obligations under the tender contract; whether the tender documents are properly signed; whether the calculation errors (such as unit prices and total price discrepancies, to the unit price; such as capitalization and lower case discrepancies, to the upper case shall prevail). Calculation errors should be revised and cannot be used as a reason for immediate rejection of the bid. If the revision of the calculation error will obviously bring serious financial losses to the bidder (such as the decimal point in the unit price is placed in the wrong place), the bidder may choose to accept the revision or withdraw its bid and be confiscated bid security.
　　(4) Price basis for bid evaluation
　　The price basis for evaluation of bids, the goods provided from the buyer's territory, the factory ex-factory price; goods provided from outside the buyer's territory, the cost plus transportation insurance charges for the port of destination (CIF) price.
　　(5) The evaluation of bids does not take into account the factors
　　In addition to the factors specified in the tender documents not to be considered, in the case of cost plus transportation insurance (port of destination) price, the proposed customs duties and import taxes on the goods after the award will not be considered; in the case of the ex-factory price of the buyer's domestic plant, the proposed sales tax and other similar taxes on the goods after the award will not be considered.
　　(6) Implementation of domestic preferences in the evaluation of bids
　　In the evaluation of bids to pay attention to the implementation of the buyer's domestic preferences, especially the World Bank and ADB loan projects, the buyer's domestic bidders often enjoy 15% preferential, that is, if the same price level with foreign bidders, the buyer's domestic bidders price is 15% lower, priority to win the bid
　　(7) clarification in the evaluation of bids
　　In the bid evaluation process, bidders may be invited to clarify their bids in writing. Bidders may select bidders in a focused manner to clarify certain elements of their bids without requiring all bidders to clarify; no bidder shall be required or permitted to make material changes to its bid while the clarification is in progress.
　　(8) Post-qualification in bid evaluation
　　For those bids that are not prequalified, after determining the lowest evaluated bid, the bidders shall still be qualified in terms of financial, technical, and production capacity. If the qualifications are not met, the bid shall be considered as invalid and the next lowest evaluated bidder shall be qualified.
　　(9) Bid evaluation should pay attention to the bid validity period
　　Bidders shall complete the evaluation and award of bids within the bid validity period. If due to special circumstances resulting in the evaluation of bids, award can not be completed within the bid validity period, the bidder shall be requested in writing before the expiration of the bid validity period to extend the validity of bids and bid security, and notify the World Bank. The bidder shall not be required or allowed to modify the bid price or other conditions when requesting an extension of the bid validity period. The bidder shall have the right to refuse the extension without forfeiture of the bid security; however, the bidder who agrees to extend the bid validity period shall extend the validity period of its bid security, and the bid shall no longer be binding on the bidder after the expiration of the original bid security. In this case, the bidder may withdraw its bid, also has the right to modify to change its bid (including the bid price), or other conditions, but the bidder shall not forfeit its bid security.
　　(10) Confidentiality of bid evaluation
　　Except for clarifications requested by the bidder, no bidder shall make inquisitive contact with the bidder regarding the bid during the evaluation and award of the bid. Any attempt by a bidder to influence the bidder during the bid evaluation and award process will result in the annulment of the bid. Likewise, during bid evaluation and award, the bidder shall not divulge information about bid evaluation, clarification and award to the bidder or other unrelated persons.
　　(11) Invalidation of bids
　　According to the World Bank, a bid may normally be considered invalid in the event of any one of the following three situations.
　　1) The lowest evaluated bid is substantially higher than the cost estimate.
　　2) The bidder has not responded fundamentally to the bidding documents.
　　3) Lack of due competition. In addition, the Bank's or ADB's consent should be sought to reject the bid.
　　The following three evaluations of the full bids were conducted by Power Grid India.
　　1)Tender document list evaluation
　　2)Evaluation of the list of technical documents
　　3) Price level evaluation
　　V. Conclusion
　　Throughout the wire and cable bidding procedures at home and abroad, the characteristics of the bidding documents, the preparation of tender documents and evaluation methods, combined with the in-depth development of China's socialist market economy in recent years and the continuous improvement of the market mechanism, coupled with the impact of e-commerce, vigorously implement the bidding and procurement system, the introduction of competition into the procurement process is imperative, because only by doing so will truly adapt to the requirements of the market economy, broaden procurement channels, optimize the quality of procurement, an important means and measure to reduce procurement costs, but also to regulate procurement behavior, strengthen procurement supervision, and inhibit the effective means of corruption. To this end, seize this opportunity, adjust the market positioning, learn the advanced bidding technology and principles at home and abroad, under the principle of openness, fairness and justice, fully consider factors such as product quality, price, delivery time and after-sales service, to achieve cost reduction and increase efficiency and improve competitiveness is an important issue that should not be ignored in the future economic work.